The right response is that no temple has been discovered. Essential Points Their social and religious structures were intricate, and their culture was rich. However, the absence of comprehensible written sources leaves much about their religious practices and beliefs unknown. Based on the many figurRead more
The right response is that no temple has been discovered.
Essential Points
Their social and religious structures were intricate, and their culture was rich.
However, the absence of comprehensible written sources leaves much about their religious practices and beliefs unknown.
Based on the many figurines and seals found at different locations, archeological evidence shows that the Harappans may have worshipped a number of deities. Among these are representations of what seem to be goddess figures, such as the "Mother Goddess," and a figure in a yogic pose, known as "Pashupati" or "proto-Shiva."
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations. Flourishing around 2500 BCE, it was centered in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing modern-day Pakistan and parts of India and AfghaniRead more
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC), also known as the Harappan Civilization, was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations. Flourishing around 2500 BCE, it was centered in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent, encompassing modern-day Pakistan and parts of India and Afghanistan. This civilization is known for its advanced urban planning, architecture, and complex social and economic systems.
Geographical Extent
The Indus Valley Civilization covered a vast area, much larger than its contemporaries like Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt. The civilization extended from:
These cities were primarily situated along the Indus River and its tributaries, such as the Ghaggar-Hakra River, a significant water source for the inhabitants.
Key Features of the Indus Valley Civilization
1. Urban Planning and Architecture
The cities of the Indus Valley Civilization demonstrate remarkable planning and engineering skills:
2. Economy
The economy of the Indus Valley Civilization was primarily based on agriculture and trade:
3. Social and Political Organization
4. Religion and Beliefs
Decline of the Indus Valley Civilization
The reasons behind the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization around 1900 BCE remain a topic of debate. Possible factors include:
Contributions to Modern India
The Indus Valley Civilization has left a lasting legacy on Indian culture and society:
Conclusion
The Indus Valley Civilization remains a subject of fascination due to its advanced urban planning, sophisticated economy, and mysterious writing system. For UPSC aspirants, understanding the IVC is essential not just for its historical significance but also for its relevance to the themes of urbanization, economy, and environmental sustainability in ancient India. The study of this civilization offers insights into the development of early human societies and continues to be a critical area of research for historians and archaeologists alike.
See less